Magnetic Properties Research Articles

Characterizing changes in microstructures, mechanical and magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel due to pulsed current

In this paper, the influence of electrical pulse treatment (EPT) on the evolution of microstructure and texture and the resultant magnetic and mechanical properties of a cold rolled Nb-alloyed non-oriented silicon steel (NOSS) was investigated carefully. When the temperature rise caused by Joule heat is higher than the starting temperature of dissolution, more precipitates are dissolved in the EPT specimens than those subjected to the conventional heat treatment (CHT) at the same temperature, and higher current density resulted in Laves precipitates dissolved at lower temperature. The permeability of all the EPT and CHT specimens increase first and then decrease with the increasing temperature, and it reaches the maximum at the temperature for nearly the complete recrystallization. B50 is higher for the EPT specimen than CHT before the completion of recrystallization due to enhanced recrystallization, but lower than CHT after the completion because the athermal effect of pulsed current promotes the growth of γ-fiber grains, disfavoring the permeability. Moreover, the EPT specimen has the lower iron loss and lower yield strength than the CHT one at the same annealing temperature, because the dissolution of precipitates, recrystallization and grain growth in cold rolled matrix are all enhanced due to the athermal effect of pulsed current.

Magneto-Optic and thermoelectric response of doped SrZrO3 for energy storage applications

Using first-principles calculations, we have investigated the electronic, optical, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of the pristine and doped SrZrO3 (SZO) with Mn, Co, and Fe atoms at Sr-site. Our calculations shows that the Mn. Co, and Fe atoms at Sr-site can be easily incorporated in SZO due to their lower formation energies. The pristine SZO exhibit a non-magnetic semiconductor nature with a band gap of 4.06 eV. Interestingly, the dopants Mn, Co, and Fe atoms alters the semiconductor nature of SZO to magnetic one with a band gap values of 1.38(↑)/1.74(↓), 2.98(↑)/0.0(↓), and 0.0(↑)/1.87(↓) for Mn-, Co–, and Fe-doped SZO. This 100 % spin-polarization near the fermi-level, confirming the half-metallic nature of the X-SZO (X = Mn, Co, Fe). Importantly, the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 1.27 meV, 1.45 meV, and 0.67 meV is estimated for Mn-, Co–, and Fe-doped SZO, respectively. Thus, the realization of MAE could pave a way to utilize Mn-, Co–, and Fe-doped SZO for applications in magnetic semiconductor devices. Optical absorption of Mn-SZO spectra exhibits blueshift upon introducing impurities and materials exhibits good absorption in the visible region. A drop in reflectivity and rise in conductivity in the high energy Ultraviolet region make these materials as potential candidate for fabrication of devices in the field of photodetectors, optoelectronic, power electronics, solar cells, photonic and photovoltaics. The ZT value is recorded 0.35, 0.45, 1.12 and 0.55 for pristine, Mn-SrZrO3, Co-SZO and Fe-SZO respectively at different temperature values. It would be ideal to perform more experimental research on the effective application of these systems in the domains of magnetic semiconductor devices and photo-electronics.

Defects assisted the enhancement of optical and ferromagnetism in Zn1-xCoxS Quantum Dots: Toward Efficient Optoelectronic and Spintronic Applications

Colloidal Co-doped ZnS Quantum dots (QDs) were successfully synthesized through a facile and effective chemical co-precipitation method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a capping agent. A comprehensive study on the structure, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties of ZnS: Co2+ QDs was thoroughly carried out using diverse characterization techniques. Transmission electron micrographs reveal spherical QDs with a mean particle size of 5 ± 0.5 nm, whereas the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirm the exclusive presence of cubic ZnS phase structure, without any signs of Co-related impurity phases. Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis verifies the presence of only three elements: Zinc, Cobalt, and Sulphur, with nearly stoichiometric proportions. X-ray photoemission (XPS) analysis confirmed the presence of Co2+ ions in the divalent oxidation state as well as the fair existence of sulphur vacancies. Optical measurements demonstrate that Co-doping in ZnS leads to a decrease in the optical band gap owing to the presence of defects that create localized states within the band structure. In addition, the refractive index (n) is found to increase with Co-doping level due to the increase in the polarizability. The outcomes of optical properties reveal that the tunability of the optical band gap and dispersive oscillator parameters in Co-doped ZnS QDs results in an enhancement of the non-linear optical parameters, such as third-order non-linear optical susceptibility χ(3), and non-linear refractive index n2, rendering them well-suited for applications in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed that the Co-doped ZnS QDs have two broad emission bands, including the blue emission, and the green emission. By varying the level of Co-doping, it becomes possible to effectively control the relative PL intensities of dual-color emissions, highlighting their potential for producing adjustable color outputs. The room temperature ferromagnetic behaviour of the QDs has been observed and analyzed in accordance with the bound magnetic polarons model. These findings suggest that Co-doped ZnS QDs can be utilized effectively in the design of spintronic devices.

Magnetic nanostructures with defined magnetic states fabricated by focused ion beam

A comparative analysis of the effects of Ga+-focused ion beam (FIB) on the magnetic properties of nanostructures was conducted in this study. It shows that the FIB cuts that cause the structures to switch from the initial vortex to the single-domain (“snake-like”) states do not require complete physical separation of the elements. Numerical simulations indicate that a remaining 3–5 nm or less magnetic material in a 20–30 nm thick permalloy layer can cause the switching. These results were partially confirmed experimentally, where grooves with a depth between 15–30 nm caused the switching. The addition of a titanium buffer layer significantly improves the accuracy and quality of the FIB cuts by reducing the amount of redeposited material.

Iron oxide immobilized lipase bioconjugate platform for sensing of triglycerides in biological samples

Enzyme-based triglyceride detection platform is described as an efficient approach for biosensing of triglyceride concentration in biological fluids. Enzyme lipase isolated from a lipolytic bacterial strain was immobilized on aspartate-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The green synthesis method was adopted for the synthesis of IONPs exhibiting magnetic properties. The synthesized aspartate-functionalized IONPs were used as a suitable matrix for lipase immobilization leading to formation of a nanoparticle-enzyme bioconjugate. The formation of the nanoparticle, functionalized nanoparticle, and bioconjugate was validated with the help of analytical techniques like spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resultant bioconjugate was used for colorimetric estimation of triglyceride in biological samples using palmitic acid as the standard and methyl red as the indicator. The average size of nanoparticle was found to be 200 nm. The designed bioconjugate resulted into determination of triglyceride in biological sample with an accuracy of 7.5 folds. The nanoparticle-enzyme bioconjugate platform renders a simple, economical, and easy-to-use biosensing device with higher stability and activity when compared to its soluble counterpart.

Plastic deformation mechanisms of FeSiCrNi high silicon steel based on local canning compression

High silicon steel has excellent soft magnetic properties, but a poor plasticity limits its practical application seriously. In this research, a novel FeSiCrNi alloy short for Fe-6.5Si–2Cr–12Ni (wt%) was designed and deformed via the local canning compression process at room temperature. It was shown that the FeSiCrNi alloy presents a relatively high plasticity in a triaxial compressive stress state. Geometrically necessary dislocations ensure the compatibility of plastic deformation for FeSiCrNi alloy. There are a small number of η and γ textures inside the FeSiCrNi sample. The intensity of η texture nearly keeps steady, while the intensity of γ texture increases slightly with the level of plastic deformation increasing. Additionally, the intensity of {112}<111> copper texture increases with the increase of plastic deformation. Lath structures dominate the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of FeSiCrNi alloy and then integrate with the phase α-Fe. The main deformation mechanism of FeSiCrNi alloy is dislocation slip rather than twinning which has not been observed yet. The order degree of FeSiCrNi alloy continuously decreases, and deformation bands, dislocation walls and dislocation cells are successively formed, as the compression proceeds. It is feasible to produce FeSiCrNi components in cold forming process.

Electronic transport in nearly compensated half-metallic FeMnGa based-junction

The all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method is used to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the cubic C1b FeMnGa. We show that FeMnGa is a spin-gapless semiconductor, and by changing the lattice constant, we obtain a nearly compensated half-metallic ferrimagnet. This makes it suitable for spintronic devices. Then, a combined non-equilibrium Green’s function and density functional theory are used to show that both symmetric and asymmetric FeMnGa/Pd/FeMnGa junctions present infinite giant magneto-resistance, with higher conductance obtained for the symmetric junction with Fe-Pd interfaces.

Magnetic Nanoparticles with Aspects of their Use in Cancer Therapy

Abstract: Cancers remain the leading cause of death worldwide, despite significant advances in their diagnosis and treatment. The inadequacy and ineffectiveness of standard treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery), their severe side effects, and the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics have forced researchers to investigate alternative therapeutic strategies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been evaluated as one of the promising strategies in treating cancers, a major public health problem. Due to their intrinsic magnetic properties, MNPs are tools that can be designed to be multifunctional in medicine, including cancer therapy. Multifunctionality can be achieved with various drug/agent loadings, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, radionuclides, nucleic acids, and antibodies. This provides a multimodal theranostics platform for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. These substances can then be delivered to the tumor tissue using an external magnetic field (EMF). Magnetic or photothermal applications kill cancer cells at the tumor site by inducing local hyperthermia, whereas photodynamic therapy kills them by producing reactive oxygen species. MNP applications also prevent drug resistance. In addition, alone or with different combination options, MNP applications provide synergistic effects and reduce side effects. Functionalized MNPs can be used to remove unwanted cells from blood, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are key factors in the metastatic process and leukemia cells. Despite numerous successful studies, there are some unpredictable obstacles to be discovered in routine usage. This review focuses mainly on the application of MNPs in cancer treatment, covering future perspectives and challenges.

RESEARCH INTO THE PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FLUIDSPRODUCED BY MILLING TECHNOLOGY

Magnetic fluids are substances with controllable rheological properties, containing nano- or micro- sizedparticles with magnetic properties suspended in a carrier fluid. The production of such fluids poses variouschallenges, but the critical issue is the fabrication of magnetically active particles of known size and requiredproperties. They are usually produced using the ‘bottom-up’ method, where larger structures are formedduring chemical synthesis and physical processes. This method is the most economical and practical in termsof efficiency, mainly when producing nanoparticles. The essence of the second method, ‘top-down,’ involvesthe fragmentation of the material, mainly through chemical-mechanical processes like milling. This methodtakes more time but does not involve the generation of environmentally harmful substances. It is characterizedby simplicity and provides greater control over the sizes of the produced particles. The paper presents theresults of research on the production of magnetic fluids based on carbonyl iron powder, which was fragmentedusing a planetary micro-mill. Powders differing in particle size and magnetic properties were considered.Oleic acid and oleoyl sarcosine were used as surfactants. Particle size and rheological properties of theobtained magnetic fluids were examined. The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of producingmagnetic fluids on a laboratory scale with designed physicochemical parameters. The research outcome isdeveloping a procedure for obtaining a magnetic fluid that combines ferrofluid and magnetorheological fluidcharacteristics.

Understanding the thermal and magnetic properties of an X-class flare in the low solar atmosphere

We analyse the spatial distribution and vertical stratification of the physical parameters of the solar atmosphere when an X-class flare occurs. We made use of observations acquired by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter instrument when observing the full Stokes parameters for the Fe i \ and Ca ii \ transitions. We analysed the observed spectra using the newly developed DeSIRe code to infer the atmospheric parameters at photospheric and chromospheric layers over the entire observed field of view. Our findings reveal that the chromosphere is characterised by temperature enhancements and strong upflows in the flare ribbon area, which indicates that the flaring event is producing hot material that is moving outwards from the Sun. We did not detect any trace of temperature enhancements or strong velocities (of any sign) at photospheric layers, signalling that the impact of the flaring event mainly happens at the middle and upper layers. The information about the magnetic field vector revealed relatively smooth stratifications with height for both magnetic field strength and inclination. Still, when examining the spatial distribution of the magnetic field inclination, we observed the presence of large-scale mixed polarities in the regions where the flare ribbon is located. These results suggest that the interaction between those mixed polarities could be the flare's triggering mechanism.

New Insight into the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Sub-Stoichiometric WO3: A Theoretical Perspective

We present a theoretical investigation on the wide-band-gap semiconductor WO 3 in its room-temperature monoclinic structure. We carried out density functional theory and GGA-1/2 calculations on the bulk phase and the most stable (001) surface of the material, either in their stoichiometric form or in the presence of oxygen vacancies at various concentrations. Concerning the bulk phase, our results show how the inclusion of these defects correctly reproduces the intrinsic n-type doping of the material. The system is also found to be magnetic at reasonably high defect concentrations. As for the surface, the presence of vacancies gives rise to a magnetic behavior, whose features depend on the relative arrangement of native point defects. Oxygen vacancies are also responsible for additional tungsten oxidation states in both bulk and surface. Based on these results, we provide a rationale for the interpretation of most experimental data of this material and, possibly, other widespread transition metal oxides with similar properties and applications such as ReO 3, TiO 2, and SnO 2.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Magnetic Properties of EN8D Steel Used in Automotive Applications

The present study focuses on achieving the optimum combination of mechanical and magnetic properties for EN8D steel. SAE 1010 and EN8D steels are the candidate materials to manufacture the fixed nucleus of the disk-type electro-mechanical horn. Both materials have either good magnetic or mechanical properties. The main function of fixed nucleus is to get magnetized and pull the mobile nucleus towards it. However, as magnetization and demagnetization take place in the range of 300-500 Hz, fixed and mobile nucleus continuously strikes each other at high frequency. Due to such high frequency working condition, fixed nucleus is prone to failure under wear and tear or under fatigue. For this kind of application, a combination of magnetic and mechanical properties is required in the material used to manufacture fixed nucleus. Thus, in current paper, the effects of chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, strength and toughness of EN8D steel before and after austenizing and tempering heat treatment are evaluated and compared with as-rolled EN8D and SAE 1010 steels, which are mostly used for manufacturing fixed nucleus. Magnetic permeability was evaluated using JMatPro software and compared. Austenizing treatment is performed at 900 °C for 1 hour, followed by water quenching. Tempering treatment of the same was performed at 550 °C for 2.5 hours. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and hardness of EN8D after heat treatment decreased from 917 to 781 MPa and 269 to 233 HV0.1 respectively. Charpy V-Notch (CVN) toughness of EN8D steel after heat treatment increased from 12 to 45 joules. It indicates that the decrease in strength and hardness resulted into increase in toughness. Microstructure changes from ferrite and pearlite to combination of tempered martensite, ferrite and bainite. Magnetic permeability evaluated by JMatPro software shows increment from 450 to 564 Gauss/Oersted in EN8D steel after heat treatment.&#x0D; Keywords: Electro-mechanical horn, fixed nucleus, magnetic permeability, JMatPro, SAE1010 steel, EN8D steel

Thickness‐Dependent Crystal Structure, Synthesis, and Magnetism of Thin Film Chromium Chalcogenides: A Review

AbstractIn the search for two‐dimensional (2D) magnets operating under ambient conditions, quasi‐2D non‐van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted considerable research interest over the last five years. In addition to their high Curie temperature (TC), their superior air stability to that of vdW 2D magnets has made them potential candidates for future room‐temperature spintronics applications. Furthermore, recent progress in the thickness‐dependent crystal lattice and magnetic properties of non‐vdW Cr2X3 (X = S, Se, or Te) has brought them to areas that are once set aside for 2D vdW magnets in fundamental research and applications. Despite covalent bonding between magnetic layers, various bottom‐up synthesis methods produced thickness‐controlled flakes of Cr2X3. Moreover, layer‐dependent structural and magnetic properties are among the novel research directions in these materials. This review systematically summarizes recent studies on Cr2X3 crystal structure, their controllable synthesis, and their respective magnetic properties. A summary of some significant results on thickness‐controlled synthesis in Cr2X3 and thickness‐dependent magnetism in Cr2Te3 is presented. Additionally, experimental and theoretical reports are presented to explain interlayer magnetic interaction. The work reveals the interaction between synthesis, structure, and magnetism. Finally, future research directions of new Cr2X3‐based materials, rich magnetism in Cr2X3, and their potential application are discussed.

Investigation of structural, electrical, and magnetic variations of Ni-Zn-Co ferrites by substituting rare earth Ho3+ for high-frequency applications

The investigation of structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of Ni0.6Zn0.3Co0.1HoxFe2−xO4 (NZCHF, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) ferrites, synthesized through the sol–gel autocombustion method, has been undertaken. The refined x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed for XRD data analysis using Fullprof Suite software and it confirmed a single-phase cubic spinel structure, with the determination of crystallite size, refinement parameters and lattice constants. The bulk density of the samples consistently remained lower than the x-ray density, with densities increasing proportionally to the enhancement of Ho concentration. FTIR analysis corroborated the presence of metal-oxygen bonds within the ferrite possessing a spinel cubic structure. 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the hyperfine magnetic field of tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites decreased with the substitution of Ho3+ ions that preferentially occupy the B site. The impedance analyzer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were utilized to measure the real and imaginary parts of the complex permeability and magnetic properties of the samples, respectively. Complex impedance plots were scrutinized to discern the contributions of grain and grain boundary resistances, providing insights into the electrical behavior of the ferrite samples. Furthermore, the introduction of Ho concentration led to alterations in other key properties of the ferrites, including coercivity (H c ), retentivity (M r ), anisotropy constant (K), and magnetic moment (μ B ).The impact of the rare-earth content on the magnetic features of the prepared NiZnCo ferrite microspheres was investigated by analyzing magnetic-hysteresis (M-H) loops, which showed soft ferrimagnetism. Concurrently, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the studied samples exhibited a decrease with the rise in Ho3+ concentration. The expected reduction in tan loss in the prepared samples is attributed to the increase in ac resistivity associated with the higher Ho3+ content.

Achievements in the Photomagnetic Effect of Cobalt‐Iron Prussian Blue Analogues

AbstractHarnessing light for magnetization control presents a promising approach with compelling merits such as non‐contact operation, ultrafast response, reversibility, high spatial resolution, tunability, and energy efficiency. Photoinduced metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) is one key mechanism in achieving photo‐controlled magnetic properties, making relevant materials prime candidates for versatile switchable devices. Cobalt iron Prussian blue analogues (CoFePBA) are trailblazers in showcasing photomagnetic properties via MMCT and the numerous related studies on CoFePBA have significantly enhanced the understanding of photoinduced MMCT processes. Thus, this review embarks on a thorough examination of three decades of research on the photomagnetic of CoFePBA to deep into the art of the photocontrol of spin. In addition to an introduction to the structure and preparation of CoFePBA, the focus is on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and introducing strategies for its manipulation and control. Finally, the challenges and prospects at this moment are summarized and discussed.

Characterization of Wheat Husk-Derived Holey Carbon/(RGO)x/CoFe2O4/PVA Nanocomposites: Insights into Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties

Abstract In this particular study, an uncomplicated method involving chemical co-precipitation was employed to create nanocomposites known as wheat husk-derived holey carbon/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA). The utilization of biomass materials is a noteworthy aspect that has caught the attention of researchers in this field. It is worth mentioning that the characteristics related to both magnetism and dielectricity in the flexible WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA nanocomposites can be controlled by adjusting the amount of RGO present in the composition. To explore the composite's absorption properties, the influence of RGO content was investigated, and it was found that there is a direct correlation between higher RGO content and increased absorption. The WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA structure exhibits an enhanced impedance matching due to the strong interfacial interaction between RGO and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. This porous composition possesses an optimal structure for capturing and collecting light effectively. Moreover, the WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA nanocomposites have exhibited great potential in manufacturing flexible electronic devices such as light-dependent resistors (LDRs), when employed as an electronic material. Their lightweight characteristics and flexibility are key contributors to the success achieved in this aspect. However, it is important to note that their overall shape tends to resemble that of traditional absorber equipment commonly used in the field.

Magnetic proximity effect on the spin-valley coupling in two-dimensional Cr2Ge2Te6/2H-TMD van der Waals heterostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides with 2H-phases, as a unique platform of valleytronics, display valley polarization and the well-known anomalous valley Hall effect when stacking with 2D magnetic substrates. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the magnetic states, band structures, and magnetic proximity-dependent valley properties of 2D van der Waals heterostructures Cr2Ge2Te6/2H-MX2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se, Te). Our findings reveal that the heterostructures possess stacking-dependent spontaneous valley polarization as well as pristine perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Additionally, the Berry curvature and circular polarization demonstrate the presence of spin–momentum coupling characteristics, while the calculated non-zero Hall voltage indicates that the anomalous valley Hall effect can be achieved in valley-polarized systems. Furthermore, due to the strain effect and the electronic polarization at the interface, Cr2Ge2Te6/2H-MX2 heterostructures undergo the transition from semiconductors to semimetals upon substitution of early chalcogen elements. These calculations provide valuable insights for practical applications of valleytronics in 2D van der Waals heterostructure systems.

Integrating machine learning and multi-objective optimization to investigate the magnetic and mechanical properties of FeSiCr soft magnetic composite processed by selective laser melting

Integrating machine learning and multi-objective optimization to investigate the magnetic and mechanical properties of FeSiCr soft magnetic composite processed by selective laser melting

Antiferromagnetism and insulator-metal transition of alkali metal-loaded sodalite.

Alkali metal clusters with a single unpaired s-electron can be arranged three-dimensionally in a sodalite crystal by loading the guest alkali atoms. Na, K, and K-Rb alloy clusters are known to be Mott insulators and to exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering. The Néel temperature increases from about 50 K to about 100 K in this order. In this study, Li-Na alloy, Na-K alloy, and pure Rb samples were newly prepared and their magnetic, electrical conductivity, and optical properties were investigated, including those of previous samples. The Na-K alloy samples showed antiferromagnetic properties, which were intermediate between those of the Na and K samples. However, the Rb sample showed a non-magnetic metallic state. The shallower ionization potential in Rb is thought to cause an insulator-metal transition (Mott transition) due to weaker on-site Coulomb repulsion between electrons and larger electron transfer energy between neighboring clusters. On the other hand, the Li-Na alloy sample showed a non-magnetic insulating state. It is thought that the two electrons form a spin-singlet pair due to the strong electron-lattice interaction. In terms of electron correlations and polaron effects, the full picture of the element species dependence of the alkali metal-loaded sodalite is reviewed.

Effect of blunging process on purification of halloysite ore from ferrous impurities by dry magnetic separation

The objective of this research is to study the effects of feed particle size, splitter angle, and washing process on Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; removal efficiency in the separation of ferrous impurities from halloysite ore by dry magnetic separation in order to increase the purity of halloysite sample after crushing and blunging processes separately. Firstly, after crushing ore in a jaw crusher and sizing to -2+1 mm, -1+0.5 mm, and -0.5+0.212 mm fractions, the sized materials were fed to REMS-type dry magnetic separator at a constant belt speed of 300 rpm with the splitter angles of 0, 15, 30º separately. Maximum Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; removal efficiency (FRE) (97.1%) was obtained in the nonmagnetic product at -0.5+0.212 mm size fraction and 0º splitter angle. The minimum Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; content (1.3%) was reached in the nonmagnetic product obtained in the experiment with the feed size of -2+1 mm and a splitter angle of 0º. Secondly, dry magnetic separation was applied to the washed -2+0.212 mm size fraction after drying at room temperature to evaluate the coarse particle-sized halloysite ore that was gained by mechanical dispersion in the aqueous medium towards sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), while a significant part of the clay minerals went into fine size after the dispersion process. In the experiment performed with a 0º splitter angle after washing, it was determined that halloysite concentrate of 0.4% Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; content could be obtained with 98.8% Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; removal efficiency. As a result of dry magnetic separation experiments, it was seen that Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; removal efficiency decreased as the splitter angle increased, while Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; content in magnetic and nonmagnetic products increased. It was determined that washing and cleaning of fine-sized minerals plastered on particle surfaces after mechanical dispersion and particle release of minerals with different magnetic properties increased the dry magnetic separation efficiency, and nonmagnetic products with very low Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (0.4%) and high Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (31.9%) content was obtained. The blunging process in the presence of dispersant caused the dispersion of clay minerals and allowed to liberating of the ferrous minerals from the halloysite ore, hence the increase in the FRE for the magnetic separation.